Glossary

AAR - After action report Abn - Airborne

AEAF - Allied Expeditionary Air Force

AEF - Allied Expeditionary Force

AFHQ - Allied Force Headquarters A Gp - Army group

AIS - Allied Information Service

ANCXF - Allied Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force Anlage - Appendix or annex ASW - Assistant Secretary of War

ATS - (Women's) Auxiliary Territorial Service Br -

British Br COS - British Chiefs of Staff Committee

CAD - Civil Affairs Division - Combined Civil Affairs Committee

CinC - Commander in Chief

CNO - Chief of Naval Operations

Comdr - COMZ - Communications Zone Conf - Conference

COSSAC - Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (Designate) Dir - Directive, director

EACS - European Allied Contact Section

ETOUSA - European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army Exec - Executive - First Allied Airborne Army

FFI - Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur (French Forces of the Interior)

FO - Field order Fuehrungsgruppe - Operations group Fuehrungsstab - Operations staff FUSA - First U.S. Army

FUSAG - First U.S. Army Group

G–1 - Personnel section of divisional or higher staff

G–2 - Intelligence section

G–3 - Operations section

G–4 - Supply section

G–5 - Civil Affairs Division of SHAEF

G–6 - Short-lived division of SHAEF which dealt with public relations and psychological warfare Gen. St. d. H. - Generalstab des Heeres (General Staff of the Army) Gp -

Group GO - General order Heeresgruppe - Army group Hq - Headquarters Intel - Intelligence

JCS - Joint Chiefs of Staff

JIC - Joint Intelligence Committee

JPS - Joint Staff Planners JSM - Joint Staff Mission (British mission to Washington) Kampfgruppe - German combat group of variable size Kanalkueste - Portion of the French coast generally coinciding with the Fifteenth Army sector. It included the Pas-de-Calais area and the Somme–Seine coast.

KTB - Kriegstagebuch (war diary)

LCT - Landing craft, tank

LST - Landing ship, tank

Ltr of Instr - Letter of instructions Luftwaffe - German Air Force Mil Mission Moscow - U.S. Military Mission to Moscow

MOI - Ministry of Information (British)

NATOUSA - North African Theater of Operations

NUSA - Ninth U.S. Army Ob. d. H. - Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres (Commander in Chief of the Army)

OB NORD WEST - Oberbefehlshaber Nordwest (Headquarters, Commander in Chief Northwest [northwest Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands])

OB SUED - Oberbefehlshaber Sued (Headquarters, Commander in Chief South [southern Germany and several army groups on the Eastern front])

OB SUEDOST - Oberbefehlshaber Suedost (Headquarters, Commander in Chief Southeast [the Balkans])

OB SUED WEST - Oberbefehlshaber Suedwest (Headquarters, Commander in Chief Southwest [Italy])

OB WEST - Oberbefehlshaber West (Headquarters, Commander in Chief West [France, Belgium, and the Netherlands]), highest German ground headquarters of the Western Front until May 1945 Oberkommando - Headquarters of an army or higher military organization

OCMH - Office, Chief of Military History

OKH - Oberkommando des Heeres (Army High Command)

OKL - Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (Luftwaffe High Command)

OKM - Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (Navy High Command) Op. (H) - Operations Abteilung (H) (Operations Branch [Army]) Org. Abt. - Organisations Abteilung (staff section in charge of organization) Organization Todt - Paramilitary construction organization of the Nazi party, auxiliary to the Wehrmacht. Named after its founder, Dr. Todt.

OSS - Office of Strategic Services Ost battalions - Non-German volunteer troops from east-European countries OWI - Office of War Information

POL - Petrol (gasoline), oil, and lubricants PRD - Public Relations Division, SHAEF PWE - Political Warfare Executive

RAF - Royal Air Force Rec - Records Reichskanzlei - Reich Chancellory

SAC - Supreme Allied Commander

SACMED - Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean Theater SCAEF - Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force

SFHQ - Special Force Headquarters

SGS - Secretary, General Staff

SHAEF - Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force Sitrep - Situation report SO - Special Operations

SOE - Special Operations Executive

SOP - Standing operating procedure

SS - Schutzstaffel (Elite Guard)

Tel - Telegram, teletype

TIS - Theater Intelligence Section

UNRRA - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

USAFBI - U.S. Army Forces in the British Isles

USFET - U.S. Forces in the European Theater

USSBS - U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey

USSTAF - U.S. Strategic Air Forces Volkssturm - A people's militia, partially organized in one of the last steps of German mobilization for total war

WD - War Department

Wehrmacht - German Armed Forces

Wehrmachtbefehlshaber - Armed Forces Commander

WFSt - Wehrmachtfuehrungsstab (Armed Forces Operations Staff) WO - War Office

Code Names

ANVIL - The planned 1944 Allied invasion of southern France in the Toulon–Marseille area

ARCADIA - U.S.-British staff conference at Washington, December 1941 -January 1942

BIGOT - Special security procedure for OVERLORD

ARGONAUT - Yalta Conference, February 1945

BENEFICIARY - Plan for breaking out of the Normandy lodgment by means of a combined airborne-amphibious attack on St. Malo

BOLERO - Build-up of troops and supplies in the United Kingdom in preparation for a cross-Channel attack

BRADDOCK II - Dropping of small fuze incendiaries to European workers for use in sabotage operations

COBRA - Operation launched by First U.S. Army on 25 July 1944, designed to break out of the Normandy lodgment

COCKADE - Diversionary operations in 1943 to pin down German forces in the west

COMET - British plan, not carried out, for an air drop on 7 September 1944 in the Arnhem–Nijmegen area

CROSSBOW - A general term used by the Allies to refer to the German long-range weapons program and to Allied countermeasures against it

ECLIPSE - Name given in November 1944 to posthostilities plans for Germany EUREKA - Tehran Conference, November–December 1943

GARDEN - See MARKET-GARDEN

GOODWOOD - British attack to break out of the Normandy lodgment, late July 1944, coinciding with U.S. Operation COBRA

GREIF - German deception operation in support of the Ardennes counteroffensive

GRENADE - Ninth Army supporting attack for Operation VERITABLE

GYMNAST - 1941 plan for invasion of North Africa

HANDS UP - Plan for breaking out of the Normandy lodgment by means of a combined airborne-amphibious attack on Quiberon Bay

HUSKY - Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943

INDEPENDENCE - Plan for First French Army attack against German garrisons on French coasts, December 1944

LINNET I - Planned airborne drop at Tournai, Belgium, September 1944

LINNET II - Planned airborne drop at Aachen–Maastricht Gap, September 1944

LUCKY STRIKE - 21 Army Group plan calling for an eastward drive and the capture of the Seine ports as an alternative to plans for the earlier capture of Brittany, considered in May and June 1944

MARKET-GARDEN - Airborne operation intended to establish a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, September 1944. Operation MARKET involved seizure of bridges in the Nijmegen–Arnhem area, and Operation GARDEN was to open a corridor from Eindhoven. northward toward Germany.

NEST EGG - Plan for occupation of Channel Islands in case of German collapse or surrender

NOBALL - Term used by the air forces in referring to target sites in their attacks on long-range weapons

NORDWIND - German counterattack in Alsace, January 1945

OCTAGON - Second Quebec Conference, September 1944 OVERLORD - Plan for the invasion of northwest Europe, spring 1944

PLUNDER - Montgomery's northern crossing of the Rhine, March 1945

POINTBLANK - The Combined Bomber Offensive from the United Kingdom against Germany

QUADRANT - First Quebec Conference, August 1943

RANKIN I, II, III - Plans for return to the Continent in the event of deterioration of the German position

REDLINE - Radio circuits set up in September 1944 for messages to and from the Supreme Commander

ROUNDUP - Various 1941–43 plans for a cross-Channel attack in the final phases of the war

SEXTANT - Cairo Conference, 22–26 November 1943

SHARPENER - Supreme Commander's advance command post at Portsmouth, May 1944

SHELLBURST - SHAEF advance headquarters at Tournières, France, near Bayeux, established August 1944

SHIPMATE - Enlarged SHAEF forward headquarters near Portsmouth, replacing SHARPENER

SLEDGEHAMMER - Plan for a limited-objective attack across the Channel in 1942 designed either to take advantage of a crack in German morale or as a "sacrifice" operation to aid the Russians

SPRING - Canadian attack, July 1944, coinciding with Operation COBRA

STARKEY - Threat directed in 1943 against the Pas-de-Calais

SWORDHILT - Plan for a combined airborne-amphibious operation to seize the area east of Brest, August 1944

SYMBOL - Casablanca Conference, January 1943

TALISMAN - Early name for posthostilities plans for Germany

TERMINAL - Potsdam Conference, July 1945

TINDALL - Threat directed against Norway in 1943

TOPFLIGHT - Signal for release of press information on D-Day assault

TORCH - Allied invasion of North and Northwest Africa, 1942

TOTALIZE - Post-COBRA attack in France

TRACTABLE - Post-COBRA attack in France

TRANSFIGURE - Plan for airborne operation to capture and control important road nets in Paris–Orléans area, 16–17 August 1944

TRIDENT - Washington Conference, May 1943

UNDERTONE - Seventh Army operation to breach West Wall and establish bridgehead over Rhine in Worms area, March–April 1945

VARSITY - FAAA operation in support of Operation PLUNDER

VERITABLE - 21 Army Group plan for a Canadian attack between the Maas and the Rhine, January–February 1945

WADHAM - Threat directed against the Cotentin in 1943

WIDEWING - SHAEF headquarters at Bushy Park, near London